Emirates’ Green Operating Procedures start with the Cockpit

JDA Aviation Technology Solutions

Much of the current thinking about Aviation’s reduction of Emissions centers on research as to greener designs, cleaner burning powerplants, Sustainable Aviation Fuels and alternative energy sources. These research efforts are promising, but few have immediate impact.

Below is an enlightening article about Emirates Airlines’ program to IMMEDIATELY REDUCE ITS FLIGHTS’ ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS. The introductory paragraph highlights the critical element of its GREEN OPERATING PROCEDURES—the exercise of judgment by its COCKPIT PROFESSIONALS.

A multidisciplinary task force assessed elements of their existing standard operation procedures to determine where greener flight techniques could be attained. They set TEN NEW PROCEDURES for their crews and the initial results for these techniques have been positive—one year of these new practices reduced fuel burn by greater than 48,000 tons and carbon emissions by at least 151,000 tons:

1. DISCRETIONARY EXTRA FUEL
2. FLIGHT SPEED OPTIMISATION
3. REDUCED FLAP LANDING
4. IDLE REVERSE THRUST
5. REDUCED ENGINE TAXI-IN
6. OPTIMISED FLIGHT ROUTINGS
7. TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION – FLIGHT PULSE
8. CENTRE OF GRAVITY OPTIMISATION
9. APU USAGE
10. ADJUSTED POTABLE WATER UPLIFT

The GOP begins with providing the Captain with the best, current information (pertinent data and analysis) to use in the exercise of each of their new GREEN PRACTICES:

1. Reduce fuel on board—IF SAFE;
2. Adjust flight speed-IF SAFE and ON SCHEDULE
3. Trim flaps to “glide” on descent—IF SAFE
4. On landing touch down at a speed that minimizes the need for thrust reversing—IF SAFE
5. From runway to gate- reduce engines to what is needed to operate—SAFELY
6. In flight preparation and during flight identify routings to provide the greatest fuel efficiency
7. Use the real time information available through a GE/Emirates joint technology development which optimizes SAFETY and GREEN benefits
8. CG is an every flight task. The GOP gives the crew tools to set the CG at a point that increases aerodynamic efficiency.
9. Switching from the APU to a GPU once on the gate.
10. Calculating the potable water needed.

Aviation has developed STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES because following a routine is likely to increase SAFETY. Repeating the same steps in all phases of flight CAN result in consistent techniques which are based on training and reinforced by constant use.

Emirates’ GOP includes a decision to vary those practices, but the PRIMARY RULE is UNCOMPROMISED SAFETY. Each of the 10 recommendations repeat that, in opting for one of the greener procedures, the PIC’s overriding criteria is safety.

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How Emirates pilots reduce fuel and emissions during operations

Emirates has explained how its pilots reduce fuel and emissions during operations

Flying smarter and maintaining a strong focus on minimising fuel consumption and emissions STARTS IN THE COCKPIT. Emirates embarked on implementing “GREEN OPERATING PROCEDURES” (‘Green Ops’) in 2016, taking a multi-pronged approach that looks for opportunities to reduce on-ground and in-flight fuel use, in addition to providing pilots with the necessary education, awareness, data analytics and technology to help them manage their flights as efficiently as possible.

Led by an internal cross-functional OPERATIONS EFFICIENCY STEERING GROUP, the airline aims to mitigate unnecessary fuel burn and emissions wherever possible, while ensuring the highest safety standards embraced by Emirates are never compromised. In the last financial year 2023-2024, ‘Green Ops’ and other operating initiatives helped Emirates reduce FUEL BURN BY MORE THAN 48,000 TONNES and CARBON EMISSIONS BY OVER 151,000 TONNES.

CAPTAIN HASSAN AL HAMMADI, Emirates’ Divisional Senior Vice President Flight Operations said: “We’re proud of the work done across the Flight Operations team, and the contributions of our pilots in significantly reducing fuel consumption and emissions. This could have only happened through collective discipline, commitment, and dedication to sustainable aviation practices in the cockpit, all while maintaining the highest levels of safety. We’ve equipped our pilot community with the latest tools and applications to monitor and review their flight performance, helping them to improve their awareness of how their flying techniques impact fuel consumption and emissions. We’ll continue to invest in cutting-edge technologies and accelerate solutions that yield long-term environmental benefits.”

Here are some of the key operational measures taken in the air and on the ground wherever operationally feasible during each Emirates flight to reduce unnecessary fuel burn and emissions:

DISCRETIONARY EXTRA FUEL

The Commander of the flight bears the ultimate responsibility for ensuring that each flight uplifts a sufficient quantity of fuel for safe operations. Depending on the assessment of prevailing operational circumstances, the Captain may choose to uplift extra fuel beyond the minimum stipulated by regulatory standards. This initiative aims to encourage the Captain to uplift extra fuel based on well-founded judgment and legitimate operational needs. The goal is to furnish Captains with pertinent data and analysis, aiding them in making more informed and precise decisions regarding the uplift of extra fuel. With this initiative uplift of discretionary extra fuel has reduced significantly.

FLIGHT SPEED OPTIMISATION

An aircraft’s speed directly impacts its fuel consumption and emissions. To accurately calculate the optimised speed for a flight, a number of considerations are made based on a thorough calculation that seeks to minimise total operating costs while maintaining adherence to departure and arrival schedules. Depending on prevailing operating conditions, pilots may have the opportunity to adjust speed to decrease fuel consumption without compromising the integrity of the flight schedule. This inflight speed management is an integral part of all Emirates’ pilot SOPs.

REDUCED FLAP LANDING

Aircraft have the flexibility to land using a variety of flap configurations. Emirates pilots carefully assess and select the flap setting that minimises aerodynamic drag, reducing fuel consumption as a result. This decision is made without compromising safety and is adapted to different runway conditions.

IDLE REVERSE THRUST

As soon as the aircraft is on the ground, pilots have the option to use different levels of reverse thrust, providing backwards thrust to decelerate the aircraft. Based on prevailing conditions and runway length, Emirates pilots will prioritise the use of idle reverse thrust to reduce fuel consumption. 

REDUCED ENGINE TAXI-IN (RETI)

During ground taxiing after landing, aircraft don’t require power from all engines. Emirates pilots take advantage of EVERY OPPORTUNITY TO ENGAGE IN REDUCED ENGINE TAXIING BY SHUTTING DOWN ONE OR TWO ENGINES (depending on the aircraft’s engine configuration) upon landing. This practice is implemented without compromising safety or operational efficiency. Since it was introduced, the use of RETI has increased by ALMOST SEVENFOLD.

OPTIMISED FLIGHT ROUTINGS

A pioneer and early adopter of flight planning efficiencies, Emirates has been using flexible flight routes since 2003. Working directly with air traffic control and other industry bodies across its network, the airline works hard to optimise each route flown between cities. Optimising routings enables Emirates to carry and use less fuel on flights, resulting in lower emissions. It also means time saved for customers.

TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION – FLIGHT PULSE

Emirates introduced FlightPulse ® (collaboratively developed with GE Digital Aviation Services), an extensive self-service data analytics tool to all its pilots, incorporating crucial elements of operational data and analytics pertaining to the safety and fuel efficiency performance of each flight. This tool has significantly transformed the monitoring of flight operations data.  The rollout of FlightPulse ® has fostered improved collaboration between Flight Operations management and the pilot community at Emirates, ultimately enhancing safety and efficiency of flights. This initiative demonstrates the airline’s commitment to industry innovation through technology adoption to improve fuel efficiency.

CENTRE OF GRAVITY OPTIMISATION

The aircraft’s centre of gravity (CG) significantly influences the safety and efficiency of a flight. Loading the aircraft at the optimised Centre of Gravity ensures proper weight and balance, INCREASING ITS AERODYNAMIC EFFICIENCY which ultimately saves fuel. Emirates has a rigorous policy of loading aircraft to come as close as possible to the ideal trim line to minimise fuel burn.

APU USAGE

One way Emirates reduces fuel consumption on ground is by minimising use of the aircraft auxiliary power unit (APU), instead using the electrical ground power unit (GPU) in order to reduce emissions. APU USE HAS BEEN REDUCED BY MORE THAN 30% since this initiative was introduced.

ADJUSTED POTABLE WATER UPLIFT

Emirates uses an exacting scientific method of calculating potable water required for a flight to reduce weight for more efficient fuel uplift. Each flight uploads the required amount of potable water without compromising on passenger comfort.

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